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Fatma Aliye Topuz (9 October 1862 – 13 July 1936), often known simply as Fatma Aliye or Fatma Aliye Hanım, was a Turkish novelist, columnist, essayist, women's rights activist and humanitarian. Although there was an earlier published novel by the Turkish female author Zafer Hanım in 1877,〔http://www.hece.com.tr/hece.131.ozel.7.htm〕 since that one remained her only novel, Fatma Aliye Hanım with her five novels is credited by literary circles as the first female novelist in Turkish literature and the Islamic world.〔〔 == Early life == Fatma Aliye was born in Istanbul on 9 October 1862. She was the second child of the leading Ottoman civil servant and renowned historian Ahmet Cevdet Pasha (1822–1895)〔 and his wife Adviye Rabia Hanım.〔 She had two siblings: a brother Ali Sedat and a sister Emine Semiye (1864).〔 Due to her father's position as Wali (province governor) to Egypt and later to Greece, she spent three years from 1866 to 1868 in Aleppo and six months in 1875 in Janina. In 1878, she stayed together with her family nine months in Damascus, where her father was appointed. Fatma Aliye was educated informally at home, since, at that time, it was not common for girls to enroll in formal classes even though there was no legal restriction on female education. Due to her intellectual curiosity, she acquired a high level of proficiency in Arabic and French.〔 In 1879, when she was seventeen years old, her father arranged her marriage to captain-major () Mehmet Faik Bey, an aide-de-camp of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II and a nephew of Gazi Osman Pasha, the hero of the Siege of Plevna (1877). She gave birth to four daughters: Hatice (born 1880), Ayşe (born 1884), Nimet (born 1900) and Zübeyde İsmet (born 1901).〔 Her husband was a person intellectually less endowed than her, and during the first years of their marriage, did not allow her to read novels in foreign languages.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fatma Aliye Topuz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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